Previously, it was believed that the underground structures are less. While longitudinal loads figures 1a and 1b are generally not critical for. Assessment of the design provisions for steel concentric x. Underground structures are safe against earthquakes 2. Comparative analysis of highrise reinforced concrete. The governing equations of motion can be expressed in matrix form as chopra 1996 1 with m, and being the mass, damping and stiffness matrices of the structure. Performance and seismic design of underground structures. Seismic analysis of delhi metro underground tunnels. Pdf performance and seismic design of underground structures.
While numerous books have been written on earthquakes, earthquake resistance design, and seismic analysis and design of structures, none have been tailored for advanced students and practitioners, and those who would like to have most of the important aspects of seismic analysis in one place. Surface structures in the seismic design practice for bridges, the loads caused by an extreme event earthquake in a seismically active region are often several times more severe than the loads. The most commonly utilized approach in dynamic analysis of underground structures is to neglect the inertial forces of the substructures since these forces are relatively insignificant contrary to the case of surface structures. Flexible expansion joints, seismic isolation on underground structures, period shift and energy dissipation 17. Its intended audience is the practicing engineer who may have extensive experience in the design of underground structures but. The jrc expert group on design of underground structures held its first meeting on. Design assessment of cbfx the ntc08 design criteria show a first critical issue in the ambiguity of the design procedure in the use of linear. Generally, the seismic design criteria does not control the design of underground structures unless the peak ground acceleration exceeds 0. This study, is an adaptation and extension of well. Jul 31, 2012 generally, the seismic design criteria does not control the design of underground structures unless the peak ground acceleration exceeds 0. Then, the effects of the interface on the behavior of underground rc structures are analyzed. Seismic analysis of underground structures sciencedirect.
This procedure requires comprehensive checks for ensuring the. Newmark previously presented maximum strains in soil caused by a seismic stress wave. Deep structures are safer than shallow structures 4. For this analysis, uncoupled ductile wall system is selected as structural system of building. Download basics of structural dynamics and aseismic design. Underground structures for underground structures such as tunnels, the seismic design approach differs from that of the surface structures e. Ductility levels low, medium and high dcl, dcm and dch 3. Rulebook on technical norms for construction of highrises in seismically prone areas 1981 eurocode 8, 2004. Unlike above ground structures, the response of undergound structures to seismic loading is dominated by the seismic deformations of the surrounding soil. Seismic design and analysis of underground structures.
Seismic design and analysis of underground structure. Composite lining aseismic design for faultcrossing tunnel. A large earthquake would not only cause loss of human lives but can also damage lot of other pertinent infrastructure. This report describes approaches used by engineers in quantifying the seismic effect.
All analytical expressions hereinafter refer to strains rather than stresses. Performance and seismic design of underground structures 11 are smaller than those recorded far from the tunnel and at the same time the shear modulus is much higher in the soil mass above the tunnel. Design guidance on eurocode 8 for practicing engineers. The elastic stiffness used in analysis should correspond to the stiffness of the elastic branch of such a bilinear global forcedeformation response. The platform is based on the dynamic timehistory method and uses explicit central difference method to solve the finite element. Underground structures, volume 59a 1st edition elsevier. Miscellaneous underground structures consist of box culverts, precast reinforced concrete threesided structures, detention vaults, and metal pipe arches, and tunnels. This algorithm enables the simulation of three states of contact surface under dynamic loads, namely, cohesive contact, sliding contact, and separation. Zahrah abstractthis study defines the basis jor the aseismic design of subsurface excavations and underground structures.
This report presents a summary of the current state of seismic analysis and design for underground structures. Analysis of seismic damage of underground powerhouse. Deterministic and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis approaches. Nevertheless, some underground structures have experienced significant damage in recent large earthquakes, including the 1995 kobe, japan earthquake, the 1999 chichi, taiwan earthquake and the 1999 kocaeli, turkey earthquake. Researcharticle seismic response analysis of concrete lining structure in large underground powerhouse xiaoweiwang,1,2 juntaochen,1,2 mingxiao,1,2 anddanqiwu1,2. This is because the structures are supported on all sides by soil and rock, and move as a unit with the adjacent soil. On the basis of seismic disaster analysis, a composite lining designfor tunnel structures across active fault was put forward.
Design of underground structures aims at ensuring that the structure can sustain those deformations without failure. The dynamic analysis of underground powerhouse structure was performed with an inhouse fem numerical simulation platform, suced, which was designed for estimating seismic damage of large underground caverns group. Table 1 differences in seismic analyses for underground and surface structures. Underground structures deform with surrounding ground 3. The dynamic contact analysis between large underground structure and surrounding rock is of numerous contact. In the dynamic analysis approach, a dynamic soil structure interaction is conducted using numerical analysis tools such as finite element or finite difference. The significance and the complexity of soil structure interactions ssi in the seismic analysis and design of large underground structures have become increasingly important, as building. Based on the characteristics of the dynamic interaction between an underground powerhouse concrete structure and its surrounding rock in a hydropower plant, an algorithm of dynamic contact force was proposed.
Seismic analysis and design of retaining walls, buried structures, slopes, and embankments explores analytical and design methods for the seismic design of retaining walls, buried structures, slopes, and embankments. The need to establish a consensus on seismic design pro cedures for underground structures has been recognized for a number of years. Based on the dynamic damage constitutive model of concrete material and seismic rocklining structure interaction analysis method, the seismic response of lining structure in large underground powerhouse is studied in this paper. Trbs national cooperative highway research program nchrp report 611. Seismic response analysis of concrete lining structure in large underground powerhouse xiaoweiwang,1,2 juntaochen,1,2 mingxiao,1,2 anddanqiwu1,2. Seismic design and analysis of underground structures ita activities.
Kiyoshi muto, was professor of structural engineering at tokyo university until his retirement a few years ago. Metro underground tunnels are strategic elements in transportation and utility networks in any metropolitan city and their importance makes their vulnerability to earthquakes a very sensitive issue. Chapter 1 introduction seismic analysis and design of. Hashash yma, hook jj, schmidt b, yao jic 2001 seismic design and analysis of underground structures. The effect of stiffness of the rc structure due to different reinforcement. Building materials and structures 59 2016 3 325 5 fig. For underground structures such as tunnels, the seismic design approach differs from that of the surface structures e. Seismic analysis of liquid storage tanks 6 soilstructure interaction. The book offers a systematic treatment of the analysis and design of foundations and retaining structures subjected to dynamic loads. Although underground structures have stronger aseismic performance than ground structures, seismic disasters of mountain tunnels were fairly conspicuous in wenchuan great earthquake. Seismic design considerations for underground box structures. The report describes approaches used by engineers in quantifying the seismic effect. Dec 30, 20 hashash yma, hook jj, schmidt b, yao jic 2001 seismic design and analysis of underground structures.
Straight underground structural elements can be designed conservatively using these strains and neglecting the slippage between the element and surrounding soil. A finite element analysis program is developed and verified by predicting both static and dynamic behaviors of underground rc structures. In order to reduce the potential loss of serviceability, it is essential to. We have developed a largescale 3d numerical analysis technique for practical design, and are researching application of the technique to the earthquakeresistant design of actual large tunnels having complicated structures 5, 6. Written for graduate students and practicing geotechnical engineers, this book is designed to help reader understand the fundamental principles and procedures of analysing and designing geotechnical structures subjected to dynamic loads. Modelling of the ovaling effect with finite elements analysis. Quantification of seismic potential failure modes in. Nevertheless, some underground structures have experienced signi.
Aug 31, 2016 metro underground tunnels are strategic elements in transportation and utility networks in any metropolitan city and their importance makes their vulnerability to earthquakes a very sensitive issue. In order to describe strain rate dependence and fatigue damage of concrete material under cyclic loading, a dynamic constitutive model for concrete lining considering. Undrained seismic response of underground structures. The results of the design phases in terms of member profiles of the different investigated structures together with the total weight of each member type are provided in tables from 1 to 3. Preliminary seismic analysis of structure is carried out using modal response spectrum analysis. The above fem rectangular tank model is numerically analyzed by means of a full transient linear analysis. Design and analysis of underground structures in swelling and squeezing rocks. Building materials and structures 59 2016 3 325 4 the seismic analysis of the rc structures according to eurocode 8 is completely different compared with the old bulgarian seismic code because of the required by eurocode 8 capacity design procedure. This paper presents analysis of seismic shear design of twentystory rc building designed in accordance with en 19981. Comparative analysis of highrise reinforced concrete structures according to international seismic design codes 212 since then, many new codes detailing requirements have been introduced to ensure seismic resistance. Seismic design of underground structures using the freefield.
Effect of underground structures in earthquake resistant. Seismic analysis of underground structures alberto gomezmasso consulting engineer, berliner str. Seismic design of underground structures using the free. Seismic design and analysis of underground structures free download as pdf file.
Seismic analysis and design of retaining walls, buried. In order to investigate the effect of underground structures on surface seismic motion, a series of dynamic planestrain numerical analyses were conducted, considering a circular tunnel embedded in a viscoelastic halfspace, and a harmonic svwave excitation. The contents of this first volume will be of particular interest to practicing structural engineers. This project in volved an effort to develop analysis and design methods and recommended load and resistance factor design lrfd spec ifications for the seismic design of retaining walls, slopes and embankments, and buried structures. After an introduction, it covers various topics, such as elastic foundation beam theory and numerical analysis methods for underground structures, as well as the design of shallow underground structures, diaphragm wall structures, shield tunnel structures, caisson structures, immersed tube structures, and integral tunnel structures. Like many other state of theart reports, it is intended to be brief and to focus on recommended practice. Simple analysis methods such as esl method could underestimate the actual demands and produce unsafe structures for irregular buildings 10. Nevertheless the design of these structures has to consider seismic loading. Underground structures isolate underground structures from ground deformation. Unlike above ground structures, the response of undergound structures to seismic loading is dominated by the seismic deformations of. Oct 06, 2011 measures for mitigating seismic effect on underground structures.
Threedimensional numerical simulation method was used to analyze aseismic and damping. This paper extends to other types of structure the simplified methodology proposed by constantopoulos et al 1979 for the seismic design of tunnels. Seismic analysis of underground structures 1992 navarro c. Buy basics of structural dynamics and aseismic design by damodarasamy, s. Measures for mitigating seismic effect on underground structures. Performance and seismic design of underground structures 19 the internal forces computed by this procedure, are combined with the static intern al forces, for the final structure detailing. These works are reaching increasing dimensions and depths, which leads to a challenging evolution of analyses and design methods, concurrently with innovative constructive procedures. Seismic design and analysis of underground structures tunnel. Standardisation needs for the design of underground structures.
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